Key Features of Anchor Bolts:

1. Material: Anchor bolts are typically made from steel, stainless steel, or galvanized steel for corrosion resistance, but they can also be made from other materials depending on environmental conditions.

2. Types:

   • Cast-in-place anchor bolts: These are embedded directly into the concrete when it’s being poured, making them a permanent part of the structure. They typically feature a threaded section for attaching nuts and washers.
   • Post-installed anchor bolts: These are installed after the concrete is cured. They can be fixed using adhesives, epoxy, or expansion techniques.
   • Expansion anchor bolts: Designed to expand when installed, they create a tight fit inside a pre-drilled hole in the concrete, offering a strong bond.

3. Design:

   • Threaded End: Anchor bolts typically have a threaded end that allows nuts, washers, or other attachments to be fastened securely.
   • Flat or L-shaped heads: Some anchor bolts have flat heads (or hex heads) to prevent them from being pulled out. Others may have L-shaped or U-shaped hooks for securing cables or braces.
   • Length and Diameter: The length and diameter of the bolt depend on the load requirements and the size of the concrete structure.

4. Applications:

   • Securing machinery, heavy equipment, or structural steel to concrete foundations.
   • Anchoring bridges, road signs, and guardrails.
   • Holding down utility poles or towers.
   • Supporting wood, metal, or concrete frames in building construction.

5. Load Handling: Anchor bolts are designed to withstand shear forces, tension forces, and vibrations, making them reliable for a wide range of structural and construction needs.